What makes BOSCH so special? Automotive Handbook - Quality 01

今天有幸一個朋友送了我一本書，傳說中的車界聖經，BOSCH的藍皮書 "Automotive Handbook"，翔文謝謝！

從高中不小心因為想買車子而啟發我成為車痴後，花了很多時間看了有關車子的專業書籍，

甚至是一有機會就自己動手DIY，雖然我本身不是唸汽車相關系所，但是因為有機械背景，

所以在與專家們討論的時候，會比較容易了解與上手，但是經驗這種東西是無法單憑所學來獲得，

因此，為了讓自己更進一步，我還是必須花很多時間多多充實這類相關書籍，

這次一如往常，拿到的時候很興奮，決定依照我答應朋友的條件，

在不急迫的情況下，逐步將這本書翻譯成中文，我不知道會持續多久，但一定會盡量。

首先大致介紹這本書，此書是於2000年由Robert Bosch GmbH出版，手上這本是第五版，

這次翻譯的順序當然就依照我的個性，看書不喜歡從頭看，就先從有興趣的開始看，

我會附上原文，並加上我個人的翻譯，因為我不是專業的譯者加上英文不好，所以有譯錯處，敬請見諒！

就讓我從 Quality 這章開始著手：

 

Quality is defined as the extent to which the customer expectations are fulfilled or even exceeded. The desired quality is determined by the customer. With his demands and expectations, he determines what quality is – in both products and services. Because competition leads to increased customer expectations, quality remains dynamic quantity. Quality is defined through product-and-service-related factors which are susceptible to quantitative or qualitative analysis. The preconditions for achieving high quality are:

Quality policy: The company commitment to quality as a top-priority corporate objectives,

Leadership: Employee-motivation measure,

Quality assurance.

品質的定義是在程度上滿足甚至超越客戶的期望。要求的品質是由顧客決定的。隨著客戶的要求和期望，他們決定了品質的好壞 - 在產品和服務這兩方面上。由於競爭導致客 戶的期望增加，品質維持在動態的量。品質是藉由與產品和服務有關的因素來定義的，它很容易以定量或定性來分析。實現高品質的的先決條件有：
品質方針：該公司的承諾是將品質作為最優先的企業目標，
領導：員工激勵的措施，
品質保證。

Quality management 品質管理

Quality system 品質系統

All elements in a quality system and all quality-assurance measures must be systematically planned. The individual assignments and the areas of competence and responsibility are to be defined in writing (Quality-Assurance Handbook). Quality systems are also described in international standards, such as DIN ISO 9001 – 9004.

在品質系統的所有要素及所有的品質保證措施，必須被系統地規劃。個人的任務、職權範圍和責任會以書面方式加以界定（品質保證手冊）。品質系統也會在國際標準中加以說明，如DIN ISO 9001 - 9004。

Increased requirements for defect-free products (zero-defect target) and economic considerations (defect prevention in place of sorting and reworking, or scrapping) make it imperative that preventive quality-assurance measures be applied. These serve the following objectives:

-       To develop products that are insensitive to production fluctuations.

-       To establish production processes to ensure that quality requirements are maintained within the specified limits.

-       To apply methods which identify the sources of defects at an early stage, and which can be applied to rectify the manufacturing process in good time.

對於無缺陷產品所需增加的要求（目標零缺陷）和經濟層面的考慮（缺點預防替代的分類、重製或報廢）使的它在品質保證措施之應用上變成極為重要的。這些服務的目標如下：

-       開發對於生產程序變動不敏感的產品。

-       建立生產過程之程序，以確保要求的品質是保持在規定的限額內。

-       使用方法來在早期階段查明缺失的來源，且它可在好的時機被用於矯正生產步驟。

 

Three types of “audit” are employed in the regular monitoring of all elements in a quality system:

-       System audit: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the quality system regarding its comprehensiveness and the practical application of the individual elements.

-       Process audit: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the quality-management (QM) elements, confirmation of quality capability, adherence to and suitability of particular processes, and the determination of specific measures for improvement.

-       Product audit: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the QM elements performed by examining the final products or their components.

被用於定期監測品質系統內的所有要素的三種“審核”類型：
        -       系統審核：根據品質系統其全面性與實際應用的各個單獨部分來評估的其有效性。

-       程序審核：評估品質管理（QM）的要素、確認對品質堅持的程度，和特別程序之適用性的有效性，並確定具體的改進措施。

-       產品審核：藉由測試最終產品或其組成部分來評估品質管理要素的有效性。

 

 

~ To be continued